Container ship cargo stowage and planning procedures Container ship cargo stowage and planning procedures Cargo stowage consideration: The aim of ship’s officers and crewmembers on board should be to prevent damage or deterioration whilst the cargo is under their care and to deliver it, as far as possible, in as good condition and order as it was when received aboard. Progecad 2011 Professional Italiano Google. If unacquainted with a certain type of cargo you should ascertain as to its nature and any necessary precautions. Therefore, the Master and officers of all vessels require a good working knowledge of the various kinds of cargo they are likely to carry: their peculiar characteristics, liability to damage, decay, or deterioration, their measurement, and the usual methods of packing, loading and discharging, stowage, dunnaging, etc., as the Master is responsible for the safe loading of his vessel and the proper stowage of the cargo.
Fig: Lashing bridge at containership The actual handling of the cargo in loading and discharging is done by stevedores, who are experienced men appointed for this purpose when a vessel arrives at a port. This does not release the Master from the responsibility for the safety of the ship and cargo, and he must supervise the work of the stevedores for general safety.
Manual, should mean a reduction in collapsed stows and losses overboard, provided the operators maintain. Container lashing and stowage: UK P&I CLUB. Container ships: Safe stowage, securing recommendations - Containers' loss to pose significant risk to crew.
Therefore, during stowage the first consideration must be given to safety, i.e. The cargo must be stowed so that the ship will be stable and seaworthy, and it must be secured in such a manner that it cannot shift if the vessel encounters bad weather. The type of vessel, the cubic capacity of her compartments destined for the cargo and the appliances on board or on shore for loading or discharging, as well as the nature of the cargo, affect the question of how to stow the cargo in the best possible manner. The ship must be made neither stiff nor too tender. The next consideration is for the safety of the cargo itself: it must not be damaged by shifting; certain commodities become easily tainted by others, water might find its way into the hold and condensation or sweating must be prevented.
Valuable cargo may be stolen or broached. Finally, the Chief Officer must bear in mind the various destinations of the goods the ship carries, and arrange things, as far as he can, to see that the cargo for a certain place can be lifted out without disturbing the other cargo. The Chief Officer must watch closely the ship's stability (i.e. What the ship's trim is or how she is sitting). Since a ship is supported by fluid pressure she will incline in any direction according to the position of the weights placed on her. The trim, therefore, is the angle that a ship is making, fore and aft, with the water. The levels are read by numbers painted on the ship's stem and stem.
These are called draught marks. Another word is heel. This means a list or inclination from one side to another, caused by loading.
The Chief Officer must watch the load lines. They are welded or punched on and then painted. Primero Lo Primero Ebook. Working stowage plans are drawn up to assist in advance planning.
Master plans definitively document the positioning of containers on board. Fore and aft stowage Load stowed along the length of the container or the ship.
Contrast athwartships stowage. In the context of load securing, it is of utmost importance whether a container is stowed fore and aft or athwartships on a ship. In the case of athwartships stowage, the greatest acceleration forces act on the actual container longitudinally rather than transversely. Load securing measures must then be taken with this in mind. Bay-tier-row system Numbering system for the arrangement of containers on a vessel. In this numbering system, the bay is specified first, then the tier (vertical layer) and finally the container row, which runs the length of the ship.
According to this principle, bays are the container blocks in the transverse direction, rows are the lengthwise rows and tiers are the vertical layers. Cargo information Goods can be rendered fit for container transport by taking account of the individual transport information relating to loss prevention.
Fitness for container transport may depend on the season or the route the cargo will take over land or sea. It must be adapted to the conditions of the transport route.
The cargo information may also be helpful when considering how best to utilize a standard container or the possible use of other container types. Transport requirement Individual packages are known as general cargo, which may be divided, depending on atmosphere requirements (natural, partially air-conditioned or temperature-controlled atmosphere), into general cargo, general cargo requiring ventilation and refrigerated cargo, which place corresponding requirements on containers (general purpose container, ventilated container, refrigerated container), or indeed into further sub-categories. Compatibility characteristics If goods are to be stowed together when packing a container, the interrelationships between the transport properties of products must be taken into account, since disregarding them may result in quality degradation and damage. Goods may react with one another and possibly with their environment. Principles of stowage When stowing and securing containers, the following points should be borne in mind: • a deck stack of containers is only as strong as the weakest component in that stack. Premature failure of a component can cause loss of an entire stack.